Ua paʻa nā plastik i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ko mākou ola-mai ke kīʻaha wai kakahiaka a mākou e wehe ai a hiki i ka ipu ʻaina awakea a mākou e lawe ai i waho i ka pulupulu niho a mākou e palaki ai i ko mākou mau niho i ka pō. ʻO kēia mea māmā, lōʻihi, a me ke kumu kūʻai ʻole i hoʻololi hou i ka moʻomeheu kanaka me kāna plasticity kupaianaha. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kēia hoʻololi ʻana o ka maʻalahi, ua ʻike nui ʻia ke ʻano ʻelua o ka plastic: he mea hoʻoikaika ia no ka holomua ʻana o ka nohona a me ka hoʻokūkū kaiaola honua.
I. ʻO ka hānau ʻana a me ke ala ʻana o nā ʻili: He Revolution Revolution
I ka makahiki 1907, ua haku ʻo Leo Baekeland ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka plastic phenolic resin mua loa (ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "Bakelite")-e hōʻailona ana i ka hana kemika mua o kekahi mea i loaʻa ʻole ma ke ʻano. I ke kenekulia e hiki mai ana, ua puka mai nā haneli he nui, me ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), a me ka polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia no nā pono kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, ua lilo ʻo PET, me kona ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hopena, i koho maikaʻi ʻia no nā hue inu; ʻoiai ʻo ka polyethylene, me kona ʻano maʻalahi a me ka wai wai, ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau i nā hana i kēlā me kēia lā, mai nā ʻeke ʻeke a hiki i ka ʻeke plastik.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka plastic ma muli o ʻekolu mau mea maikaʻi: ʻo ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa (ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana o nā huahana ʻaila ʻaila), māmā (hoʻokahi hapaʻumi wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o ka metala), a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion (kū i ka waika, alkalis, a me ka haʻahaʻa). Ua hiki i kēia mau waiwai ke hoʻololi wikiwiki i nā mea kahiko. Ma mua o ka 1950s, 90% o nā ipu honua i hilinaʻi i ke aniani a i ʻole metala, akā i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 40%.
II. "Nā Kokua Universal" e hoʻomau ana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā
Ke hilinaʻi nei ka poʻe o kēia wā i nā plastics no nā mea āpau a lākou e hana ai:
•Lapaʻau: Ke hilinaʻi nei nā syringes hoʻolele, nā paipu IV, nā maka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka sterility a me ka palekana o nā plastik, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka pilikia o ka -maʻi maʻi;
•Elekele: Ua hana ʻia nā pahu kelepona paʻa lima, nā kīwī kamepiula, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uea uila me nā plastik ʻenekinia (e like me ABS), kahi e hui pū ai i ka ikaika a me nā waiwai insulation;
•Home: Mai nā mea pāʻani a nā kamaliʻi a hiki i nā lako lako, loaʻa nā ʻano mea paʻakikī ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana a ʻoi aʻe ka maʻu-kūʻai a me nā pepeke-ma mua o ka lāʻau;
• Nā noi mahiʻai: Ke hilinaʻi nei ka ʻenehana Mulching i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyethylene no ka insulation a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, e hoʻonui ana i nā hua hua ma luna o 30%.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hou o "microplastics"-plastic particles emi ma lalo o 5 mm ka anawaena i hoʻohui ʻia i ka toothpaste a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maka ma ke ʻano he exfoliants, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i -mea hana kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka carbon fiber reinforced plastics), e koi ana i nā palena o ka ʻenehana.
III. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kaiapuni i hiki ʻole ke haʻalele ʻia
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā plastics (e lawe ana i nā haneli mau makahiki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maoli ʻia) ke hoʻoulu nei i ka hopena o nā pilikia. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 400 miliona tons plastic i hana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo 9% wale nō ka mea i hana hou ʻia, me ka hapa nui e pau ana i nā pae ʻāina a i ke kai paha. ʻEkolu manawa ka nui o ka "mokupuni ʻōpala" o ka Pākīpika i ko Palani, a ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau holoholona kai make i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka ʻai ʻana i ka plastic. ʻO ka pōʻino ʻino loa ka microplastic pollution-ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke ʻano o ia mea i loko o ke koko o ke kanaka, ka placenta, a me ka waiu o ka waiu, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau ʻia nei kona hopena olakino lōʻihi.
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hana nā ʻāina: ua kau ka EU i ke kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi -palapala pāpaʻa, ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i kahi mana hou o kāna "plastic ban" (e pāpā ana i ka -degradable ʻeke plastik i ka makahiki 2025), a ke hoʻolalelale nei nā ʻoihana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻili -based bio (e like me ka PLA starch a me ka biodegradable) mea i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa. Hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hāʻawi aku ma o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā ʻeke kūʻai, ke koho ʻana i nā waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōmole PET.
Panina: ʻImi ʻana i kahi kaulike
ʻAʻole hewa maoli ka plastik; Aia ke kī i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kona pōʻai ola. ʻOiai mākou e hauʻoli nei i ka ʻoluʻolu, pono mākou e hoʻokokoke i kēlā me kēia koho mea kūʻai aku me ke kuleana-ma hope o nā mea a pau, hoʻomaka ka pale ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka honua me ka mālama pono ʻana i kēlā me kēia huahana plastik. E like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe kaiapuni, "ʻAʻole mākou i hoʻoilina i ka Honua, ua ʻaiʻē mākou mai kā mākou poʻe mamo." ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka plastic i kona ʻano he "mea hana" ma mua o ke kaumaha o ka moʻomeheu he hana ia e pono ai i kā mākou hanauna.
